Oncologic and fertility outcomes in patients with pure ovarian immature teratoma and gliomatosis peritonei: a single-center experience

Gliomatosis peritonei (GP) is a rare condition characterized by peritoneal implants of mature glial tissue, often associated with ovarian immature teratoma (IMT). Because of its rarity, very few studies have focused on the outcomes of GP. This study aimed to describe the clinical outcomes of patients with pure IMT and GP. We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological data for 38 patients with pure IMT and GP at a single center between January 2000 and December 2024. Twenty-five (65.8%), seven (18.4%), and six (15.8%) of the 38 patients were International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages I, II, III, respectively, with 11 (28.9%), 13 (34.2%), and 14 (36.8%) being grade 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The median age at diagnosis was 22.5 years (range 9–41 years). Fertility-sparing surgery was performed in 35 (92.1%) patients. Thirty patients (78.9%) received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Fifteen patients experienced recurrence during a median follow-up duration of 88 months (range 11–268 months), including mature teratoma recurrence in 12 and IMT recurrence in 3. All patients underwent successful salvage therapy, except for one death. Ten of 11 patients who attempted conception subsequently had successful pregnancies, resulting in a total of 13 live births. By the end of follow-up, 34 patients were alive without disease, three were alive with disease without symptoms, and one patient had died of disease progression after relapse. Patients with IMT and GP exhibit a favorable overall prognosis. GP may remain clinically indolent and asymptomatic for a long period. Reproductive outcomes are promising.