Formulation optimization of road marking coatings based on surface-modified SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ luminescent powder

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To address the poor water stability of SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu 2+ ,Dy 3+ long-afterglow phosphors in road marking applications, an organosilane coupling agent was employed for surface modification, and the modified phosphor was incorporated into a two-component road marking coating system. Characterization results confirmed the formation of an organic protective layer on the phosphor surface, which improved water resistance and interfacial compatibility while preserving the intrinsic luminescent structure. Single-factor experiments revealed that 500 mesh was the optimal particle size, and the appropriate phosphor content ranged from 30% to 40%. Subsequently, a Box–Behnken design coupled with response surface methodology was applied to optimize the coating formulation, with resin, glass beads, and modified phosphor contents selected as variables and abrasion loss, skid resistance, adhesion strength, and afterglow duration selected as responses. The optimized formulation was determined as a resin/glass bead/modified phosphor mass ratio of 37.5:19.8:35.4, with a prediction error below 3%. The optimized coating exhibited enhanced abrasion resistance and interfacial adhesion while maintaining favorable skid resistance and long-afterglow properties, demonstrating improved overall durability for road marking applications.