Newtonian Wide Binaries and an Expansion-Linked Galaxy Acceleration Scale: Three Pre-registered Predictions (Stream and Shield Framework)

This record registers three falsifiable predictions from the Stream and Shield framework (also called Layer Time Theory), stated before the data that decide them. Prediction 1 (main test, decided by Gaia DR4, expected December 2026): wide binary stars in the Solar neighbourhood with projected separations of 5,000–30,000 au follow Newtonian gravity, γ = G_eff/G = 1.00. MOND with the external field effect predicts γ ≈ 1.35–1.40 for the same binaries. Pass and fail criteria are fixed in advance. A pass would not distinguish the framework from ΛCDM, which also predicts γ = 1. Prediction 2: the galaxy acceleration scale follows the cosmic expansion rate at every redshift, a_S(z) = cH(z)/2π (about 1.8 times today's value at z = 1 and 3 times at z = 2). Current data (MUSE-DARK 2026) show a rise faster than predicted; the data are not yet decisive. Prediction 3: dark-energy density follows the growth rate of structure, ρ_DE(z) ∝ fσ8(z), with a peak near z ≈ 0.4–0.5 at about 1.1–1.15 times today's value and about 0.8 of today's value at z = 2, testable with DESI and Euclid. The document also states known open problems (the smallest dwarf spheroidal galaxies and galaxy-cluster cores) and records an alternative dark-energy model that is not registered as a prediction. The code for the author's SPARC galaxy fit (164 galaxies) is included.