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The reaction medium in the Suzuki coupling shown is a three-phase surfactant system. This medium offers advantages over conventional solvents in the reaction conversion and also in catalyst recovery. The reuse of the catalyst substantially increases the overall turnover number of the catalyst, a desirable factor in cost-effective industrial applications. TPPTS=3,3′,3′′-phosphanetriyltris(benzenesulfonic acid) trisodium salt.
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Nowothnick et al. (2011) studied this question.
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