Physiological Study of Broccoli Extract Effects on some Blood Parameters, Thyroid Hormones and Histological Changes Male Albino Mice

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Broccoli extract on some blood indices, coagulation parameters, thyroid hormone levels, and the serum lipid profile in male mice. Adult male mice (n=20) were randomly divided into the control group (n=10) received a standard laboratory diet only and the treated group (n=10), which were dosed with broccoli extract (200 mg/kg body weight) once daily for 25 consecutive days. The hematological profile showed no modifications on white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin level (Hb), hematocrit and platelet count, showing that the extract didn’t alter major hematological parameters. However, there is no significant change in partial thrombin time (PT) and slight but non-significant increase in activated partial thromboplastin time (a PTT) indicating a possible mild effect of broccoli extract on intrinsic coagulation pathway. Thyroid hormones assessment revealed a notable reduction in TSH (0.090 ±0.01vs 1.033 ±0.03 µIU/ml), significant increase in T4 level (14.13 ±0.55 vs 9.20 ±0.10 ug/dl) while T3 show a nonsignificant elevation (2.866±0.29 vs 1.733±0.03 ng/ml) suggesting improve the thyroid function. Serum levels of total cholesterol remained unchanged, suggesting no immediate effect on lipids. Histopathologically, liver and kidney tissues showed vascular congestion, necrosis, and inflammatory infiltration, while the spleen showed moderate shrinkage, suggesting an early stress response and mild tissue toxicity. In general, it can be concluded that broccoli extract has mild, non-significant anticoagulant effect and thyroid-promoting activities, whereas more studies are required to verify long-term safety and clinical relevance