Evaluation of first aid guidance for dermal chemical exposure in Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) used in occupational settings

Background Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) are widely used to guide first aid following occupational chemical exposure. However, the clarity and adequacy of SDS recommendations for dermal exposure remain uncertain. Objectives This study evaluated the adequacy and clarity of first aid instructions in sub-section 4.1 of SDSs used in a biotechnology research workplace. Methods First aid instructions in 45 SDSs were assessed against World Health Organization guidelines and peer-reviewed burn management literature. Key criteria included instructions on removal of contaminated clothing and accessories, irrigation procedures (duration of irrigation and source of water), wound care guidance, and recommendations to seek medical attention. Results For chemicals capable of causing dermal burns (Category 1 skin corrosives), only 22% of SDSs recommended immediate removal of contaminated clothing, and 44% advised seeking urgent medical attention after irrigation. Although irrigation was mentioned in all SDSs, essential details such as irrigation duration, use of running water, and the role of emergency showers were omitted. Similar deficiencies were observed for chemicals associated with less severe dermal injuries. Conclusions Many SDSs provide limited and nonspecific first aid guidance for dermal chemical exposure. Insufficient instructions may compromise early response to workplace chemical accidents and increase reliance on emergency medical services. Strengthening SDS guidance, together with enhanced occupational health training and involvement of occupational health professionals in workplace safety programs, may improve preparedness for chemical exposure accidents.