Psychological distress and sleep quality related to cognitive function in older adults with cognitive impairment

This study aimed to examine the associations between cognitive function, psychological distress, and sleep quality in older adults with cognitive impairment (CI). A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 129 older adults with CI. Cognitive functioning was assessed using standardized neuropsychological instrument, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), together with complementary cognitive tests. Psychological distress was evaluated through anxiety, depression, and perceived stress measures, while sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The results showed the coexistence of cognitive impairment, moderate levels of psychological distress, and poor sleep quality in the sample. Significant correlations were observed between sleep quality and cognitive functioning, indicating that poorer sleep quality was associated with lower cognitive performance. Psychological distress variables were also significantly related to cognitive functioning and sleep quality. Multiple regression analyses indicated that global cognitive performance was significantly associated with sleep quality, perceived stress, and anxiety levels. These findings highlight the simultaneous association and potential interaction between sleep quality, psychological distress, and cognitive functioning in older adults with cognitive impairment and underscore the importance of considering these factors together when assessing cognitive health in aging populations.