Fluid antenna systems‐aided NOMA‐based communication system

In this paper, we present a downlink non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system incorporating fluid antenna systems (FAS) at the receiver terminal. The proposed system is motivated by the fact that a large number of users can be provided with higher diversity in a smaller space through integration of the NOMA scheme with FAS. The proposed system is analyzed in terms of outage probability and average bit error rate performance. In addition, the effects of imperfect channel state information, hardware impairments, and imperfect successive interference cancellation are incorporated into the system model to provide a more practical performance analysis. A mathematical framework is derived and verified using Monte Carlo simulations. The results are presented for various combinations of system parameters to demonstrate their effects on system performance and reliability. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed system compared with a conventional single‐antenna system is illustrated in terms of error performance.