Innovative Approaches to Economic Incentives for Enhancing Soil Fertility

This article provides a systematic review of contemporary approaches to economic incentives for enhancing soil fertility developed through international practice, examining their economic rationale, implementation mechanisms, and potential applications. Particular attention is given to the transition from conventional subsidy schemes toward results-based financial support, payments for ecosystem services, carbon market mechanisms, differentiated subsidies, concessional financing, digital monitoring, and economic incentives linked to agroecological outcomes. The study proposes an integrated economic incentive mechanism adapted to the conditions of Uzbekistan. This mechanism combines differentiated subsidies linked to soil fertility indicators, upfront financing for agrotechnical interventions, and independent verification of achieved outcomes. Furthermore, a methodological framework is developed for comprehensively assessing the economic, environmental, and institutional outcomes of measures aimed at improving soil fertility.