Research on the vibration frequency range of vibratory soil cutting system and experimental verification

To address the wide variation in vibration frequencies used in existing vibratory soil cutting tools and the lack of a unified frequency selection criterion, this study investigated the natural vibration characteristics of soil in an indoor soil bin. Based on single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) resonance theory, the empirical method, half-power bandwidth method, and amplitude magnification factor method were used to analyze the resonance bandwidth and vibration-energy proportion of the first-order soil vibration mode. On this basis, a frequency selection method for vibratory soil cutting tools was developed. The results show that the first-order natural vibration frequency f 0 of the soil is 29.492 Hz, with a damping ratio of 0.142. The resonance frequency bands determined by the empirical method and the amplitude amplification factor β = 2 are 0.75 f 0 ∼ 1.25 f 0 and 0.717 f 0 ∼ 1.207 f 0 , respectively. These bands strike a balance between vibration intensity and frequency adaptability, though their ranges are relatively limited. The effective vibration frequency band corresponding to an amplitude amplification factor β = 1 is the widest, ranging from 0 ∼ 1.414 f 0 , which can significantly enhance the equipment’s adaptability to variations in soil parameters, although the vibration response intensity is somewhat reduced. Balancing vibration intensity and engineering applicability, the recommended vibration frequency range for vibrating soil cutting equipment is proposed to be 0.75 f 0 ∼ 1.414 f 0 . To verify the validity of the proposed frequency range, 15 spatial spectrum bulldozing plate prototypes were designed and fabricated using five spatial spectrum excitation frequency levels and three amplitude levels, and soil bin cutting tests were conducted. The test results indicate that spatial spectrum bulldozing plates within the recommended frequency range generally exhibit good drag reduction and detachment performance, with the best drag reduction effect observed when the excitation frequency is close to the soil’s natural vibration frequency. Compared with traditional parabolic bulldozing plates, the relative drag reduction rate of the bulldozing plates reached 14.66% under the optimal parameter combination. The test results validated the rationality of the proposed vibration frequency selection range and selection principles. The research findings provide a theoretical basis for the design of vibration parameters for vibratory soil cutting implements and the optimization of the spatial spectrum structure of soil-engaging components.