Solar Photovoltaic Based Modular Electric Vehicle Battery Charging Using Interleaved Boost and Phase‐Shifted Full‐Bridge Converters

This paper proposes direct charging of lithium‐ion batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) using standalone solar photovoltaic (PV) systems at distributed charging stations. A PV plant can be operated in an adaptive optimal mode to dynamically regulate its output power to match the aggregate charging power drawn by multiple lithium‐ion batteries, as reflected in the DC‐link voltage. To stabilize the DC‐link voltage and balance power between PV generation and battery load, a master–slave control strategy is used. In this setup, the DC‐link voltage controller acts as the master, generating a corrective duty cycle to reduce voltage changes. The MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) controller, acting as the slave, provides the base duty cycle to extract the maximum power possible from the PV array. The resulting composite duty ratio drives a multiple‐phase interleaved boost DC–DC converter, improving power conversion efficiency and reducing input current ripple. A distributed phase‐shifted full‐bridge converter (PSFBC) is used to charge the batteries following the constant current–constant voltage (CC–CV) method. The proposed architecture is implemented using a modular three‐leg inverter, which is scalable and allows integration of higher‐rated PV arrays and additional battery charging channels without requiring any major modification in the control strategy, owing to the flexibility of the master–slave coordination mechanism. A multiple‐modular boost‐PSFB converter using four three‐phase inverter modules has been used for implementing the four‐phase IBC‐PSFB converter for 10.44 kW solar PV to charge four 72 V, 100 Ah Li‐ion batteries through MATLAB Simulink software. The control algorithm is also validated in real‐time using Typhoon‐HIL in virtual HIL mode for implementing a two‐phase IBC‐PSFB converter, based on a practical setup comprising a 2.2 kW solar PV system and two 72 V, 26 Ah Li‐ion batteries.