Prevalence and factors associated with obesity among healthcare workers in Oman: a cross-sectional study

Obesity is a growing global health concern, increasingly prevalent among healthcare workers (HCWs) who serve as both caregivers and role models for patients. Despite their health knowledge, HCWs are vulnerable to obesity due to occupational stress, sedentary behaviour, and irregular work hours. In Oman, obesity prevalence is high in the general population, yet limited data exist among HCWs. To assess the prevalence of obesity among HCWs in Oman and identify its associated health and occupational risk factors. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 297 HCWs employed in governmental healthcare institutions across Oman from October 2025 to February 2026. Retired HCWs, pregnant women, and private-sector employees were excluded. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered online questionnaire, which included self-reported anthropometric parameters. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses (chi-square tests or Fisher’s exact tests) to evaluate factors associated with obesity, with the level of significance set at \(\:p<0.05\) . Advanced multivariable modelling was not performed due to sample size constraints. The overall prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) among participants with complete BMI data was 37.7% (81/215). Obesity prevalence was higher among females (38.0%) and HCWs aged ≥ 40 years (41.0%). Bivariate analysis revealed that having a past medical history was a significant factor associated with obesity (50.0% vs. 33.5%, p = 0.031). In this study, lack of regular exercise had no significant association with obesity (43.7% among non-exercisers vs. 25.0% among those who exercised regularly, p = 0.070). Among work-related factors, availability of healthy food at the workplace was significantly associated with lower obesity prevalence (22.0% vs. 43.2%, p = 0.033). Other factors, such as access to workout facilities, flexible working hours, a supportive culture, and wellness programs, had no significant association with obesity. Obesity is prevalent among HCWs in Oman, with notable associations with both past health history and workplace nutrition availability. Targeted workplace interventions focusing on enhancing healthy food provision, alongside exercise promotion and wellness programs, may help mitigate obesity risk, supporting HCWs’ overall well-being and their capacity to serve as healthy role models for patients. Not applicable.