A critical implementation gap in suicide prevention in oncology: Systematic review and content framework of training programs for healthcare professionals

Cancer patients face elevated risk of suicidality, yet suicide prevention remains inconsistently implemented in oncology care. Training healthcare professionals is widely recommended, but it is unclear whether existing programs address oncology-specific needs. In this pre-registered review (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42023393187), we systematically searched PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Oncology reports were examined closely using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A qualitative content-analysis synthesized training contents. Of 6,526 reports identified; 351 met inclusion criteria, including 202 programs in healthcare settings. Only eight addressed oncology, just two fulfilled nearly all quality criteria. Most programs were evaluated (84.16%). Content-analysis of 129 studies focused on assessment, risk management, and intervention/referral strategies. Professionals’ development and theoretical knowledge dominated, ethics and standard procedures appeared less often. While structured suicide prevention training exists in general healthcare, oncology remains largely unintegrated. This synthesis provides a framework that may inform adaptation and implementation.