Substance Use Treatment and Recovery Services for Emerging Adults in the US: Integrating Developmental Considerations for Effective Intervention and Research

Emerging adulthood is marked by unique characteristics that play a role in the development of substance use (SU) problems and access to treatment and recovery services. Consistent with the Life Course Health Development framework, emerging adults’ (EAs’) developmental characteristics, neurological and cognitive states, peer networks, personal definitions of addiction and recovery, and co-occurring mental health conditions all play a role in their SU, treatment, and recovery. This narrative review summarizes scientific literature on these key characteristics’ impact on EA services, as well as the current state of the science on treatment and recovery services for EAs. Based on findings, recommendations are made for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers. For example, more research should focus on EAs’ educational and vocational pathways outside of traditional college environments, specific programs for EAs that are not solely offshoots of youth or adult services, and the specific needs and desires of EAs with SU problems.