Welcoming Practices in Primary Health Care: Mental Health Strategies for Adults with ADHD and Autism

This essay examines strategies for providing welcoming, inclusive, and person-centered mental health care to adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism in primary health care settings. It is based on the recognition that communication-related, sensory, organizational, and professional barriers may compromise access to health care, continuity of care, and meaningful participation in clinical decision-making. A theoretical-reflective approach is adopted, drawing on scientific literature and institutional documents and organized around key themes, including accessibility, clinical assessment, co-occurring conditions, care coordination, and human rights. The discussion highlights the importance of attentive and responsive listening, clear and accessible language, appropriate environmental accommodations, context-sensitive assessment of psychological distress, and timely and responsible referral to specialized services when necessary. It argues that a diagnostic label should not replace an individualized understanding of each person's experiences, needs, preferences, and circumstances, nor should it justify paternalistic, discriminatory, or stigmatizing practices. Primary health care can play a central coordinating role in connecting general health care, mental health services, specialized care, and community-based resources, provided that adequately trained professionals, accessible care pathways, and effective coordination mechanisms are available. The essay also emphasizes the importance of involving neurodivergent people in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of health services, recognizing their autonomy, respecting their individual preferences, and acknowledging the diversity of their support needs. It concludes that equitable and welcoming care depends on the integration of clinical competence, inclusive communication, continuity of care, and a sustained institutional commitment to human rights. The recommendations presented are theoretical and interpretive in nature and require empirical evaluation across different primary health care contexts to assess their applicability and effectiveness. Implementation should take into account available resources and individual preferences.