Dynamic modeling, simulation, and analysis of solar/wind-based hybrid renewable energy system for rural residential building: a case study

In this paper, a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is designed and analyzed for a rural residential building in northern Nigeria to meet electricity demand, cooling load and hot water requirement of the building. Photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) collectors are coupled with a wind turbine alongside other primary components. The hybrid system was analyzed in the dynamic TRNSYS environment to supply an average annual electrical load of 2,056.78 kWh, annual cooling load of 4,343.06 kWh and domestic hot water demand. Simulation results indicate that the HRES provides a technically feasible and economically viable solution. Result shows delivery of 5,162.62 kWh of useful thermal energy by the thermal subsystem over the year, cooling production of 4,960.46 kWh, and electrical production of 2,029.88 kWh, with the baseline system meeting 98.7% of the electrical demand, and the optimal configuration achieving a surplus. The system economic analysis shows Net Profit Value (NPV) of 2,190.24 USD, a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of 0.155 USD/kWh and payback period of 8.3 years, indicating a feasible HRES for residential homes in rural northern Nigeria. The optimized system achieved an LCOE of 0.1488 USD/kWh, indicating a 3.87% reduction, while also reducing CAPEX by 16.67% and carbon emissions. Uncertainty analysis performed indicates a mean Loss of Power Supply Probability of 0.0336. These findings highlight the potential of tailored HRES solutions for energy poverty reduction and improved living standards, as well as support for broader clean energy transition in Nigeria, with 3,518.14 barrels of diesel fuel being avoided throughout the system’s lifetime.