Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge despite advances in diagnostic modalities and treatment strategies. X-ray imaging continues to play a crucial role in TB screening, diagnosis, and management. This comprehensive review explores the evolution, current applications, and future directions of X-ray imaging in TB care. We examine the technical aspects of conventional radiography, digital radiography, and advanced imaging techniques, including their sensitivity, specificity, and limitations in various clinical contexts. Furthermore, this review discusses the integration of artificial intelligence with X-ray imaging for improved TB detection, the role of X-ray in TB management in resource-limited settings, and its complementary function alongside other diagnostic tools. Recent developments, including portable X-ray systems and computer-aided detection algorithms, have enhanced the utility of radiographic techniques in TB control programs worldwide. This review emphasizes the continued importance of X-ray imaging as a critical component in the multifaceted approach to TB diagnosis and management, particularly in high-burden regions.
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Alayed et al. (2026) studied this question.
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