Urban areas face cumulative environmental pressures from climate variability, rapid urbanization, and growing concentrations of built assets, requiring geospatial methods that capture gradual, overlapping susceptibility patterns rather than rigid thresholds. This study presents the Urban Geoenvironmental Impact Index (UGII), a GIS-based fuzzy hydro-climatic and Earth Observation (EO) framework evaluating cumulative urban environmental susceptibility and built-asset exposure, supporting hazard-informed planning and climate adaptation. Nine indicators are integrated: precipitation intensity (annualized 99th-percentile daily contribution, R99p) from ERA5-Land reanalysis (1995–2024); NDVI, NDBI, and Land Surface Temperature from Landsat 9; DEM-derived Topographic Wetness Index, flow accumulation, slope, and plan curvature; and road density. Fuzzy membership functions and AHP weighting (Consistency Ratio = 0.0537) aggregate the standardized indicators into continuous susceptibility surfaces. Applied to the southern Athens Metropolitan Area, Greece, the framework compares a conventional AHP model (UGII 0.18–0.65) with a fuzzy-AHP model (UGII 0.10–0.75; pixel-wise differences −0.09 to 0.14). The fuzzy formulation widens the dynamic range and enhances spatial differentiation while preserving the principal susceptibility patterns of the conventional model. Elevated-susceptibility zones intersect high built-asset concentrations, identifying exposure hotspots relevant to hazard-informed planning, climate adaptation, and disaster-resilience decision support, with direct application to real-estate exposure assessment.
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George Faidon D. Papakonstantinou (2026) studied this question.
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