Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective intervention for treatment-resistant depression; however, its use has been limited partly because of concerns about cognitive side effects. Evidence for the sustained (>1 month) efficacy of ketamine versus ECT for treatment-resistant depression has only recently been demonstrated. This study aimed to examine the cost-effectiveness—that is, the costs and benefits measured as quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs)—of racemic ketamine versus that of ECT for treatment-resistant depression.
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Lebenbaum et al. (2026) studied this question.
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