A Comprehensive Analysis of the Relationship Between Dietary Fatty Acids and Changes in the Gut Microbiota and the Development of Neuropsychiatric Disorders

AimHaving reviewed earlier the role of probiotics in obesity and other associated metabolic disorders like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), engineering probiotics for cholera and other neuronal diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson disease with incidenceof obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) so much on the rise, Here the aim of this systematic review is to highlight the influence ofdietary patterns, like fatty acids, other lipids on role of maternal stress and the neuropsychiatric disease (NPD) formation along withinfluence of probiotics in reverting them.MethodA systematic review was carried out using the PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Cochrane reviews, and Google Scholar,Search engine with the MeSH Terms; “Impaired lipid metabolism”; “Oxidative stress”; “inflammation”; “Gut Microbiota (GM)”;“NPD”; “Schizophrenia (SCZ)”; “Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)”; “Bipolar disorders (BD)”; “Gamma amino butyric acid(GABA)”; “5-hydroxy tryptamine (5HT)”; “Brain derived neutrotrophicfactor (BDNF)”; “Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)”;“Saturated (SFA)”; “Depression”; “Resolvins”; “Protectins”; “Short chain fatty acids (SCFA)”; “Probiotics”; “Fecal Transplantation” from 1990 till June 2020.ResultsWe found a total of 900 articles under various subheadings of GM and NPD and probiotics with NPD and SCZ, ASD. One hundred ninety-two (192) articles got selected for this comprehensive review. No meta-analysis was conducted.ConclusionWe observed a marked correlation among dietary habits, like utilization of Western diet (WD) with marked escalation of intake ofhigh fat, high sugar rich diet escalated n6 PUFAS over n3 PUFAS and influence on GM that is not helpful in digestion of the nondigestible fibers in form of starch along with generation of butyrate aiding in certain beneficial effects and on formation of variousneurochemicals like escalation of BDNF while increased GABA, reduced 5HT formation alteration of tryptophan metabolism isseen in these WD food and we have tried to detail the role of SCFA formation, generation of resolvins and how they work in theformation of various NPD besides maternal diet during pregnancy and how it determines infants microglial priming and later determinants of early stress.