This study aims to evaluate the integration of 9R Circular Economy Practices and Green Production Practices in the palm oil industry using a structured multi-method approach. The research employs the Fuzzy Grey Number-MABAC-ISM-MICMAC methodology to systematically assess and prioritize sustainability practices. Fuzzy grey numbers address uncertainty in linguistic assessments, while the MABAC method refines rankings to ensure objective prioritization. ISM-MICMAC analysis further uncovers interdependencies among practices, identifying key drivers for circular economy adoption. Findings reveal that 12 out of 19 identified practices align with the 9R framework, while 7 correspond to Green Production Practices. High-impact strategies include RSPO (Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil) certification and biogas capture, both of which enhance sustainability outcomes. The study highlights strategic interventions such as biorefinery integration and zero-effluent approaches, which significantly improve resource efficiency and waste reduction. Additionally, circular economy strategies contribute to long-term environmental and economic resilience in the sector. By adopting a structured decision-making framework, the palm oil industry can implement the most effective sustainability initiatives, balancing environmental responsibility with economic viability. The research provides valuable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders, supporting the transition towards a more sustainable production model.
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Immawan et al. (2026) studied this question.
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