Recent Advances in Research on Risk Prediction of Complications Following Transnasal Endoscopic Surgery for Pituitary Tumors

Transnasal endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery has become the primary treatment modality for pituitary tumors, offering advantages such as minimal invasiveness, clear visualization, and rapid recovery. However, postoperative complications remain relatively common, and severe cases can affect patient prognosis or even be life-threatening. Research on risk factors and risk prediction for postoperative complications after endoscopic endonasal pituitary surgery has gradually increased. These studies cover various aspects, including patient demographic characteristics, underlying medical diseases, tumor features, surgical techniques, and perioperative management, and attempt to quantitatively assess the risk of complications using statistical models and visualization tools. While existing studies have made some progress in identifying certain high-risk factors, challenges remain, including limited sample sizes, inconsistent definitions of outcome measures, insufficient external validation of predictive models, and limited clinical applicability. A systematic review of progress in risk prediction research for complications after endoscopic endonasal pituitary surgery will help clarify current research priorities and gaps, providing a theoretical basis for developing stable, reliable, and clinically useful risk prediction models.