Causal Effects of Indigenous Reform on Institutional Accountability in Uganda: A Difference-in-Differences Design

The analysis characterises the design's performance under a declared variance structure with an intraclass correlation of 0.64, between-cluster standard deviation of 6.0, and residual standard deviation of 4.5. Power was estimated across 2000 design cells for cluster counts of 8, 16, 24, and 32 and effect sizes of 3, 5, and 8 percentage points. The results indicate that 52 clusters are required to detect a 5 percentage point effect at 80% power. The findings have implications for the design of evaluations of indigenous reform initiatives and for the interpretation of accountability effects in clustered institutional settings.