Extent of surgical access in open lateral sinus lift as a predictor of complications: an anatomical and clinical rationale for minimally invasive and microscope-assisted approaches (literature review)

Lateral augmentation of the maxillary sinus floor is a common procedure for bone tissue deficiency in the lateral regions of the upper jaw. Despite the high effectiveness of the intervention, clinically significant complications, primarily Schneider’s membrane perforation, bleeding, damage to nerve structures in the skeletonization area, as well as pronounced side effects of the operation, remain relevant. The review systematizes data on the impact of the volume of surgical access during open sinus lift on complications and substantiates the use of microscope-assisted surgeries in combination with 3D planning and piezosurgery. These methods are considered to be key elements in reducing surgical trauma and represent the most logical way to improve the safety of minimally invasive interventions.