Integration of Renewable Energy Systems (Solar Energy) in Residential Interior Design Projects: A Review of Sustainable Design Strategies, Technologies, and Future Directions

The increasing demand for sustainable residential environments has accelerated the integration of renewable energy systems into architectural and interior design practices. Among various renewable technologies, solar energy has emerged as one of the most promising solutions due to its availability, scalability, and compatibility with residential buildings. Traditionally, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have been considered primarily as technical energy-generating components; however, contemporary design approaches emphasize their integration with building envelopes, spatial planning, interior environments, and aesthetic considerations. This review explores the relationship between solar energy systems and residential interior design, highlighting strategies that enable energy-efficient, comfortable, and visually appealing living environments. The paper systematically reviews recent developments in solar photovoltaic technologies, building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), passive solar design, daylight optimization, solar shading systems, energy storage solutions, and smart home energy management. The study examines how solar technologies influence residential spatial organization, material selection, thermal comfort, indoor environmental quality, and user experience. Recent research indicates that integrated solar design approaches can significantly reduce household energy consumption while improving environmental performance and occupant satisfaction. The review also discusses international case studies demonstrating successful implementation of solar-integrated residential projects and identifies challenges related to cost, architectural compatibility, technological limitations, maintenance, and user acceptance. Future research directions emphasize multidisciplinary collaboration between architects, interior designers, engineers, and renewable energy specialists to achieve holistic sustainable residential environments. The findings suggest that solar energy integration should no longer be viewed as an independent engineering intervention but as an essential component of contemporary residential interior design. By combining renewable energy technologies with human-centered design principles, future homes can achieve improved energy independence, reduced carbon emissions, and enhanced living quality.