Development of Principles for Constructing a Distributed System for Facility Condition Monitoring and Unauthorized Intrusion Detection Based on Telecommunication Fiber

This article examines the principles of designing distributed monitoring systems (DAS/DVS) to detect unauthorized intrusion into both extended and localized assets. The authors propose a concept that utilizes existing "dark fibers" within telecommunications cables as sensing elements. Dark fiber refers to optical fibers that are not currently used for data transmission but are installed as spares to serve as backups in the event of primary fiber failure. The study outlines the principles for constructing such a distributed monitoring system, covering the optimization of monitoring pulse parameters and interference signals, as well as the application of machine learning algorithms (cognitive data processing) to classify intrusion events. Experimental results demonstrate the capability to detect and localize intrusion points with an accuracy of a few meters over distances of up to 40 km. Implementing these principles enables a reduction in false alarm rates and lowers system deployment costs by leveraging existing communications infrastructure.