A cost-benefit analysis of mine slope stability with consideration of risk losses

Purpose This study aims to develop a probabilistic cost-benefit analysis framework for mine slope reinforcement, addressing the growing challenges of slope instability in coal mining areas. The model evaluates the impact of reinforcement measures on the probability of slope failure and economic performance, providing a decision-making tool for selecting cost-effective stabilization strategies. Design/methodology/approach A two-dimensional slope model was constructed using the Limit Equilibrium Method, incorporating failure probabilities derived under varying geological and mechanical assumptions. The framework integrates slope stability analysis, uncertainty modeling, and cost estimation, including initial investment, reinforcement expenses, risk-related losses, and post-failure restoration costs. A case study from the Jianbei Coal Mine in Shaanxi Province, China, was used to compare multiple reinforcement schemes combining different numbers and lengths of upper and lower anchors, with and without slope cutting. Findings The results indicate that anchoring reinforcement generally exhibits superior cost-effectiveness compared to slope cutting in the studied case. However, an optimal reinforcement level is identified, beyond which additional anchoring leads to diminishing returns and unnecessary cost escalation without corresponding safety benefits. The model captures the interaction between geological uncertainty, reinforcement design, and economic performance. Originality/value This study presents a novel probabilistic cost-benefit analysis method that explicitly incorporates slope failure probability into reinforcement decision-making. The proposed model provides a practical tool for evaluating reinforcement strategies under uncertainty, supporting optimized and economically efficient slope stabilization in mining engineering.