The Structure of Light: A Sequence of Alternating Charges

This article proposes a model for the structure of light as a sequence of sub-particles of alternating charge sign, separated by half a wavelength, derived from the ontological distinction between energy and interaction (Flor, 2026m): if the wave is the variation of interaction, and a single particle produces a Lorentzian profile, then a sinusoidal variation requires a sequence. The model explains qualitatively the apparent electrical neutrality of light (proximity effect, formalized spatially and temporally), polarization (derived from the linear structure of the sub-particle), the attainability of c (through polarization, which minimizes the resistance of the medium along the propagation axis, complementing Flor, 2026l), refraction, simple diffraction, and the difference between spherical and collimated light. The derivation of polarization resolves the historical incompatibility between corpuscular models and wave effects: the particle has internal structure, and it is this structure that gives the interaction the geometry we observe as a wave. The Doppler effect is sketched as a consequence of the rate of arrival of the sub-particles. The article identifies open problems — the cohesion between sub-particles, the connection of the proximity effect with atomic structure, the coherence of parallel in-phase sequences, the nature of the phenomenon at the slits (whose qualitative mechanism is established in Flor, 2026m, but whose quantitative derivation of the sinc² pattern remains open) and the relativistic Doppler effect — treating them as clues, not as hidden failures. The article belongs to the interpretive perspective (Flor, 2026a): it treats quantum mechanics as a method of calculation, not as ontology, and proposes a deterministic underlying process whose probabilistic character emerges from epistemic limitations. It proposes two experimental tests that interaction is instantaneous: (i) that the curvature of a beam in refraction begins before the surface of transition; (ii) that the simultaneous detection of a single pulse by two receivers at different distances, with a longer rise time at the more distant detector. These are the second and third experiments of the series; the first was proposed in Flor (2026m).