Voxel-Based Parametric Design for Collective Housing: A Generative Framework for Modular and Adaptable Spatial Organization

Translating voxel geometry and connection rules into functional housing organization without binding a method to a single predefined module remains a challenge in computational housing design. This study develops a voxel-based parametric framework linking geometric definition, aggregation, functional-category mapping, and multi-story generation. A cubic voxel baseline is examined in a 3 × 3 × 3 neighborhood, with point-, line-, and surface-based relations mapped to residential, circulation, communal, and auxiliary categories and implemented in Rhino and Grasshopper. The baseline establishes the generation logic but identifies circulation continuity as a cross-unit constraint. Following qualitative geometric screening, an octagonal-prism system is selected for the extension because it retains horizontal floors while enabling intermediate voids and peripheral circulation. Qualitative comparison of the two prototypes indicates that functional meanings and the parametric workflow are retained, whereas interfaces, circulation, enclosure, and void control require geometry-specific adjustment. The contribution lies in translating voxel adjacency into functional-category relationships and distinguishing relatively stable functional and generative rules from geometry-dependent spatial implementation. The framework’s sustainability relevance lies in exploring modular and adaptable spatial organization—environmental performance requires further assessment.