Research advances in Janus kinase inhibitors for immune checkpoint inhibitors-related myocarditis

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis (ICIM) is a rare yet potentially lethal complication of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, which severely impacts patient prognosis and therapeutic efficacy. With the widespread application of immunotherapy, ICIM has attracted significant attention from clinicians and researchers. However, its underlying pathogenesis remains to be fully elucidated, its clinical manifestations lack specificity, and management is frequently hampered by a dearth of effective, safe interventions. The Janus kinase (JAK) signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating immune and inflammatory responses. JAK inhibitors exert immunomodulatory effects by blocking the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and have been utilized to treat a spectrum of immune-mediated disorders, emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy for ICIM. Accumulating evidence suggests that JAK inhibition may improve clinical outcomes in patients with ICIM. This review summarizes the latest advancements in JAK inhibitors for ICIM, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and guide the optimization of future therapeutic strategies and clinical decisions.