Sociodemographic Correlates of Modifiable Risk Factors for Hypertension in a Rural Local Government Area of Oyo State South West Nigeria

Q: What are the key findings of this study?

Modifiable risk factors were highly prevalent in rural Nigerian adults, with a 22.9% hypertension prevalence (10.71% awareness) and sleep inadequacy as the strongest predictor (OR 20.95, P<0.05).

Q: What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cross-Sectional. Population: Hypertension (n=367). Intervention: Modifiable risk factors for hypertension (sleep inadequacy, overweight, perceived stress, alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, smoking) vs. Absence of modifiable risk factors (e.g., adequate sleep, normal weight). Primary outcome: Hypertension (systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg or self-reported antihypertensive medication use) (OR 20.95, p=<0.05).

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Hypertension affects approximately 23% of adults in rural southwestern Nigeria with very low awareness, and its presence is significantly associated with inadequate sleep, overweight, stress, and sex. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.CONFIRMATORY. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Q: What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate the prevalence of hypertension and analyze its association with modifiable sociodemographic and lifestyle risk factors in a rural Nigerian community.

Abdulsalam Saliu; Adenike Iyanuoluwa Olugbenga-Bello; Olakunle Olarewaju; Ismail Adeshina Abdus-Salam

doi:10.1155/2014/842028

January 1, 2014International Journal of HypertensionOpen Access

Sociodemographic Correlates of Modifiable Risk Factors for Hypertension in a Rural Local Government Area of Oyo State South West Nigeria

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Key result

Inadequate sleep is linked to ~20.9-fold higher odds of hypertension in rural Nigerian adults.

OR 20.95
P<0.05
n=367

Why the study?

Modifiable risk factors of hypertension contribute significantly to all-cause morbidity and mortality worldwide, motivating an assessment of their prevalence and association with hypertension in a rural Nigerian community.

Key Points

To evaluate the prevalence of hypertension and analyze its association with modifiable sociodemographic and lifestyle risk factors in a rural Nigerian community.
Collected behavioral and physical measurements with a modified WHO STEPS instrument, classifying hypertension as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg.
Analyzed associations using SPSS version 17 with multivariable logistic regression modeling; statistical significance was established at P < 0.05.
Hypertension prevalence was 22.9% (89 subjects), but awareness of hypertensive status was only 10.71% among affected individuals (overall sample awareness was 9.5%).
Common modifiable risk factors included alcohol consumption (40.6%), inadequate sleep (33.2%), sedentary lifestyle (24.8%), abnormal weight (24.0%), hormonal contraceptive use in females (26.5%), significant stress (17.7%), and smoking (3.8%).
Multivariable logistic regression identified sex, stress, overweight, and inadequate sleep as significant predictors of hypertension, with sleep inadequacy serving as the strongest predictor (odds ratio = 20.95).

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=367)

Multicenter

Yes

PICO

P

Population

367 rural Nigerian adults aged 18-87 years (mean age 36.36 years, 54.8% female) surveyed across two rural communities in Oyo State between February 2013 and March 2014.

E

Exposure / Comparator

Modifiable risk factors for hypertension (sleep inadequacy, overweight, perceived stress, alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, smoking) vs Absence of modifiable risk factors (e.g., adequate sleep, normal weight)

O

Primary Outcome

Hypertension (systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg or self-reported antihypertensive medication use) — OR 20.95, p=<0.05

Main Result

Odds Ratio: 20.95

p-value: p=<0.05

Limitations

Self-reporting of physical activity via questionnaire is subject to recall and overreporting bias compared to objective measurement devices
Purposive sampling of only two rural communities limits generalizability of the findings
Cross-sectional design precludes determination of causality without longitudinal repeated measurements

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Implication

Low awareness despite prevalent modifiable risks in rural Nigeria supports targeted screening; leaves open causal role of sleep inadequacy pending prospective studies.

Abstract

Modifiable risk factors of hypertension contribute significantly to all-cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of and the association of modifiable risk factors with hypertension in rural community. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 166 male and 201 female adults of 18 years and above using cluster sampling technique. Data were collected using modified WHO STEPS instrument and hypertensive subjects were defined as those with systolic greater than or equal to 140 and diastolic of 90 mmHg. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 17 with level of significance at P < 0.05. The mean age of the subjects was 36.36 (±16.88) years and mean systolic and diastolic pressures were 124 (±16.93) and 76.32 (±11.85) mmHg, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was high (22.9%) in this rural communities but awareness was low, 10.71%. The prevalence of alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, abnormal weight, inadequate sleep, smoking, significant stress, and female use of hormonal contraceptives was 149 (40.6%), 91 (24.8%), 88 (24.0%), 122 (33.2%), 14 (3.8%), 65 (17.7%), and 53 (26.5%), respectively. Overweight, sex, inadequate sleep, and stress were established as positive predictors of hypertension. The rising prevalence of hypertension and its modifiable risk factors in rural communities require prompt interventions directed at reversing these trends.

Discussion

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Cite This Study

Saliu et al. (2014) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension (n=367). Modifiable risk factors for hypertension (sleep inadequacy, overweight, perceived stress, alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, smoking) vs. Absence of modifiable risk factors (e.g., adequate sleep, normal weight) was evaluated on Hypertension (systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg or self-reported antihypertensive medication use) (OR 20.95, p=<0.05). Modifiable risk factors were highly prevalent in rural Nigerian adults, with a 22.9% hypertension prevalence (10.71% awareness) and sleep inadequacy as the strongest predictor (OR 20.95, P<0.05).

synapsesocial.com/papers/6ade2609155b4d680aef3f34 https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/842028

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Sociodemographic Correlates of Modifiable Risk Factors for Hypertension in a Rural Local Government Area of Oyo State South West Nigeria

Key Points

Study Design

PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Ask about this paper

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Sociodemographic Correlates of Modifiable Risk Factors for Hypertension in a Rural Local Government Area of Oyo State South West Nigeria

Key Points

Study Design

PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Ask about this paper

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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