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This study evaluates the effectiveness of autonomous mobile robot (AMR)-based logistics automation in a pharmaceutical packaging process using a figures of merit (FOM)-based 4M data analysis framework. The operational data before and after AMR implementation were analyzed from the 4M perspectives of man, machine, material, and method. The analysis shows reductions in workforce size and manual logistics task time, improved material response, and simplified logistics procedures. The previously reported 36-minute supply lead time was redefined as the operator-dependent material waiting time. A labor cost-based economic analysis indicates annual labor cost savings of approximately KRW 185 million and a payback period of approximately 4.65 years. These results demonstrate the practical applicability of FOM-based 4M analysis for evaluating logistics automation.
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An et al. (2026) studied this question.
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