Molecular Characterization of Feline Leukemia Virus from Cats in Shelters in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil

This research aimed to conduct an epidemiological-molecular study of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection in cats from shelters in the Metropolitan Region of Recife (MRR), Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. Blood samples from 260 cats from 18 shelters located in 5 municipalities within the MRR were analyzed. DNA samples from peripheral blood were subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to detect FeLV proviral DNA. PCR-positive samples were sequenced and analyzed using BLAST software for phylogenetic tree construction. The prevalence of infection in cats was 9.6% (25/260). Among the 18 sampled shelters, 33.3% (6/18) had cats positive for FeLV. It was observed that 60% (3/5) of the investigated municipalities had felines positive for FeLV infection. Among the positive cats, males accounted for 52% (13/25) and females for 48% (12/25). Of the 22 sequenced samples, 18 sequences were used as queries for an online BLAST search to build a dataset. This study is pioneering in the state of Pernambuco and demonstrates the prevalence of FeLV infection in felines living in shelters in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, PE. Based on these results, we recommend vaccinating any cat with outdoor access in the study region. Understanding the prevalence of FeLV in Pernambuco provides insights into the local situation and helps develop effective hygienic-sanitary programs in feline shelters in the MRR, contributing to increased awareness of responsible pet ownership and reducing FeLV transmission among community felines.