Investigation of antenna and receiver effects on GNSS data quality indicators using collocation analysis

GNSS observation quality and positioning performance are influenced by environmental conditions and hardware characteristics. This study investigates the isolated effects of antenna and receiver changes on GNSS quality indicators using 18 collocated station pairs from the IGS and CORS-TR networks. Two configurations, same receiver–different antenna and same antenna–different receiver, were evaluated using 31 days of multi-GNSS observations. Frequency availability, multipath, signal-to-noise ratio, cycle slips, satellite visibility, WL/NL combinations, and PPP solutions were analyzed. Results indicate that receiver changes generally produce greater impacts than antenna changes, particularly on observation continuity, cycle slips, and PPP precision.