The effect of sprint training on hamstring strength and biceps femoris architecture: A scoping review

Objective The purpose of this scoping review is to evaluate the effect of sprint training on hamstring muscle strength, architecture, linear acceleration and maximum speed in both general and athletic populations. Design Scoping Review. Methods Peer-reviewed studies that explored sprint training interventions, measures of hamstring strength and biceps femoris architecture were included. CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched up until December 2025. Assessments of study quality were completed using the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in Exercise (TESTEX). Results Searches retrieved 222 records, of which eight studies met the inclusion for review. Samples sizes ranged from 12 to 38 participants and study durations lasted between 4- and 38-weeks. Findings revealed eccentric hamstring strength consistently increased in studies that utilised sprint training, and favourable adaptations were observed for biceps femoris architecture outcomes. Sprinting speed consistently improved across the studies, the quality of studies assessed by TESTEX scale varied (9.1 ± 2.2). Conclusions Hamstring strength, and sprint performance were quantified using a range of assessments, preventing clear comparisons between interventions. Limitations were small sample sizes and concurrent regular training. Despite limitations, sprint training improves running speed outcomes and is likely a favourable training strategy to address hamstring strength and muscle architecture.