TabularQual: a spreadsheet-based format for annotating and curating logical models in SBML-qual

Logical models are widely used to study regulatory and signaling systems, yet their reuse, annotation, and exchange across tools remain challenging. Although SBML Level 3 Qualitative Models (SBML-qual) provides a standard representation, its XML-based syntax is difficult to inspect and edit directly. Here we introduce TabularQual, a spreadsheet-based, community-driven representation for Boolean and multi-valued logical models, together with a bidirectional converter between spreadsheets and SBML-qual. The converter is accessible programmatically and through a public web interface ( https://tabularqual.streamlit.app/ ), supporting diverse user workflows. We further describe two integration strategies that enable existing modeling tools to operate with TabularQual, either through SBML-qual exchange or via direct support. Case studies using the Stress Knowledge Map and CaSQ demonstrate how this integration supports model construction, curation, and reuse. TabularQual provides a practical bridge between human-readable model representations and standardized executable formats, supporting reproducibility, interoperability, and community-driven model development.