Effects of grip strengthening combined with scapular stabilization exercise on shoulder muscle strength and functional outcomes in individuals with subacromial pain syndrome

Background: Subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS) is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain and is frequently associated with rotator cuff dysfunction. Recent evidence suggests a close relationship between hand grip strength and rotator cuff muscle function, indicating that grip-strengthening exercises may enhance shoulder rehabilitation outcomes. To investigate the effects of grip strengthening combined with scapular stabilization exercise on shoulder muscle strength, grip strength, and functional outcomes in individuals with SAPS. Methods: Thirty-six individuals with SAPS were randomly assigned to an experimental group (scapular stabilization exercise combined with grip strengthening; n = 18) or a control group (scapular stabilization exercise alone; n = 18). Both groups participated in exercise sessions 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Shoulder muscle strength, grip strength, and functional outcomes using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in shoulder muscle strength, grip strength, and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index scores ( P < .001). Significant Time × Group interaction effects were observed for all outcome measures ( P < .001), indicating greater improvements in the experimental group. Conclusions: Grip strengthening combined with scapular stabilization exercise may provide additional benefits for improving shoulder muscle strength, grip strength, and functional outcomes in individuals with SAPS.