Pro-environmental behavior in disaster preparedness and recovery for resilient communities

Communities face compounded and climate-amplified hazards, yet pro-environmental behavior (PEB) has rarely been synthesized as a resilience-relevant behavioral repertoire, particularly with respect to disaster preparedness, while evidence on recovery remains comparatively limited and often indirect. This PRISMA-ScR–guided scoping review maps how published research (January 2000–December 2025) conceptualizes and measures PEB in relation to disaster preparedness and recovery, and how studies report governance and equity conditions around these relationships. Searches of Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed were supplemented by Google Scholar and citation chasing. Fifty-one articles met eligibility criteria. The mapped evidence clusters around five theoretically organized pathways discussed in the literature—cognitive (risk salience, efficacy), social (norms, trust, collective efficacy), resource (constraints, infrastructure access), environmental (ecosystem services, stewardship/restoration), and governance (institutional legitimacy, co-production, coordination)—with equity as a cross-cutting condition shaping feasibility and benefit distribution. Across the included studies, preparedness outcomes were substantially more common and more directly measured than recovery outcomes. Evidence linking PEB to recovery was comparatively sparse and often recovery-adjacent, inferential, or stewardship-based rather than outcome-tested. The review highlights definitional and measurement inconsistency in PEB, limited longitudinal and evaluative designs, and a need to test equity-sensitive pathways across the full disaster cycle.