Voltammetric Investigation of Nickel: Electrochemical Behaviour and Analytical Determination in Environmental Samples

Nickel is an important transition metal widely used in stainless steel manufacturing, electroplating, batteries, catalysts and industrial alloys. However, the release of nickel into water and soil through industrial activities, mining and wastewater discharge has increased the need for reliable analytical methods for environmental monitoring. Voltammetry is an electroanalytical technique that measures the current response of an electrode while its potential is varied under controlled conditions. The technique offers several advantages, including relatively low reagent consumption, good analytical sensitivity and the possibility of detecting metal ions in complex samples. The present study describes a methodological investigation of nickel determination using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and adsorptive stripping voltammetry. The effects of supporting electrolyte, pH, electrode material, scan rate, ligand concentration and accumulation time are discussed as important parameters affecting analytical performance. A systematic experimental procedure is proposed for developing a reproducible method and evaluating its sensitivity, precision, accuracy and applicability to environmental samples. The paper also discusses potential interferences from other metal ions, dissolved organic matter and electrode-surface contamination. The proposed framework can support the development of a validated method for nickel determination in groundwater, surface water and industrial wastewater. Experimental measurements are required to establish the final operating conditions and quantitative performance characteristics.