Comprehensive multicriteria optimization of energy systems in tropical islands: A thermoenvironmental and life cycle assessment framework applied to Ylang-Ylang distillation in Anjouan, Comoros

This study presents a comprehensive multicriteria framework for the optimization of energy systems in tropical island contexts, integrating thermoenvironmental modeling and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The proposed approach combines spectral sensitivity analysis, hierarchical variable structuring, and environmental impact indicators to support robust decision-making under insular constraints. As a case study, the framework is applied to traditional Ylang-Ylang distillation systems in Anjouan Island (Comoros), a sector of high socio-economic and cultural relevance. Results highlight the potential for significant improvements in energy efficiency and environmental performance through targeted system redesign and renewable integration. The methodology provides a replicable tool for sustainable energy planning in vulnerable island territories, bridging scientific rigor with local valorization.