Towards smarter universities: how Quality 4.0 and digital knowledge management drive operational performance in higher education institutions

Purpose This study aims to examine the impact of Quality 4.0 (Q4.0) dimensions on operational performance improvement (OPI) in higher education institutions, with a particular focus on the mediating role of digital knowledge management (DKM). The research responds to the growing need for digital transformation in the education sector by exploring how Q4.0 technologies can enhance operational efficiency, academic quality, and institutional sustainability. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative research approach was adopted, using data collected from 1,154 faculty members across three major universities in a developing country. The study employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to assess the direct and indirect relationships among five Q4.0 dimensions-digital transformation (DT), analytics and big data (ABD), communication and collaboration (CC), innovation and sustainability (IS), and adaptability to change (CA)-DKM, and OPI. Findings The results reveal that all five Q4.0 dimensions have significant positive effects on operational performance. Additionally, DKM exerts both a direct influence on OPI and a mediating effect between Q4.0 practices and institutional performance outcomes. The study confirms that effective DKM enhances the benefits of digital initiatives by facilitating knowledge sharing, data-driven decision-making, and operational agility within higher education institutions. Originality/value This research contributes to the literature by introducing an integrated conceptual model that bridges Q4.0 and DKM within the context of higher education – a setting underexplored in existing research. It provides empirical evidence from a developing country context and highlights the strategic role of DKM in maximising the impact of digital transformation initiatives. The study offers practical insights for academic leaders and policymakers aiming to improve institutional performance through targeted digital strategies.