Design, Modeling, and Performance Evaluation of a PI-Based Double-Loop Control Scheme for a Four-Phase Interleaved DC–DC Boost Converter

This paper presents the design and modeling of a double closed-loop control system based on a classical proportional–integral (PI) controller for the four-phase interleaved DC–DC boost converter (4-IBC). The proposed control strategy aims to regulate the output voltage through an outer voltage loop while ensuring equal current distribution among the inductors through an inner current loop. DC–DC converters are extensively utilized in renewable energy systems, particularly in photovoltaic and wind power applications; however, they often suffer from voltage fluctuations, current ripples, and harmonic distortions that degrade power quality. To address these challenges, an efficient PI-based double-loop control structure is developed and validated in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The proposed design exhibits significantly reduced current and voltage ripples. The system operates with an input voltage of 90V and can provide an adjustable output voltage up to 400V. In this study, the designed controlled converter structure is comparatively tested against a conventional boost converter (CBC) under two operating scenarios: a fixed output voltage reference and a stepwise time-varying output voltage reference. The results show that the PI-4IBC controller provides significantly improved performance compared to the PI-CBC structure. While PI-4IBC limits the output voltage ripple to only 0.03%, the PI-CBC reaches 2.536%. Additionally, performance indices evaluations under stepwise time-varying scenario confirm this improvement: within the 1–4s interval, PI-4IBC achieves approximately 21% lower integral absolute error (IAE) and 22% lower integral time-weighted absolute error (ITAE) values, indicating faster error reduction and superior transient-response behavior. Overall, PI-4IBC demonstrates more effective and robust control performance under the tested scenario.