Implications of integrating private and public transport systems with autonomous driving behaviors at the network level

The emergence of connected and automated vehicles signifies a transformative era, integrating innovative technologies and services to enhance the efficiency, safety, and environmental impact of transportation systems. With the increasing prevalence of pilot testing for autonomous vehicles (AVs) in both private and public transport across various cities and the potential for large-scale deployment in the near future, there is an urgent need to explore the macroscopic implications of deploying AV driving behavior in both transport systems. This study integrates AV driving behaviors within both private and public transport systems, investigating their operational effects using a static assignment procedure in PTV Visum based on Passenger Car Unit (PCU) factors. The Measures of Effectiveness (MoEs) findings highlight the critical importance of ensuring that the infrastructure is AV-ready to optimize AV performance and maximize the benefits of AV technology for transportation systems. The study reveals that cautious driving behavior has a substantial negative impact on the network, with this effect diminishing as roadway conditions improve. In contrast, both normal and aggressive driving consistently enhance network operational performance. In terms of automation levels, the study projects that improvements in MoE performance are notably greater when AV deployment reaches levels 4 and 5, especially as market penetration progresses. The integration of both private and public transportation systems has led to a greater impact than solely deploying private AVs.