Pharmacists’ Attitudes, Awareness, and Perceptions of Telepharmacy: A Systematic Review of Global Evidence

Background/Objectives: Telepharmacy refers to the use of telecommunication and digital technologies to provide pharmacy services remotely. Early telepharmacy models were implemented in the early 2000s to extend pharmaceutical care to patients in remote and underserved areas. Evaluating pharmacists’ attitudes, awareness, and perceptions of telepharmacy services is essential to inform policy, training, and implementation guidelines. This review summarizes studies on pharmacists’ attitudes, awareness, or perceptions of telepharmacy services. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify qualitative and descriptive quantitative studies that reported on the attitudes, awareness, or perceptions of pharmacists toward the practice of telepharmacy services from January 2000 through April 2026. Searches were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar. The review was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis PRISMA guidelines. Results: Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 13 cross-sectional quantitative studies and 5 qualitative studies across 11 countries. Overall, the included studies reported generally favorable attitudes and perceptions toward telepharmacy, although awareness varied across studies and settings. Pharmacists perceived telepharmacy as beneficial for healthcare accessibility, patient counseling, medication management, and continuity of care. Reported barriers included inadequate technological infrastructure, insufficient training, increased workload, reimbursement concerns, and absence of standardized regulations or practice guidelines. Common facilitators included professional education and training, institutional support, interprofessional collaboration, improved technological infrastructure, and clear telepharmacy guidelines. Conclusions: Pharmacists generally reported favorable attitudes and perceptions toward telepharmacy, although awareness and experiences varied across healthcare settings and countries. Addressing technological, educational, organizational, financial, and regulatory barriers may support effective and sustainable integration of telepharmacy into pharmacy practice.