Latent profile analysis and influence factors study of nurses’ ability to apply Nursing Process: a cross-sectional study

To analyze nurses’ competence in applying the nursing process and its potential profiles, and to explore influencing factors across different nurse categories. A convenience sample of 380 nurses was selected from three Grade III Class A hospitals in Hebei Province between January and March 2025. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, Competency of Nursing Process Questionnaire, Nurses’ Clinic Communication competence Scale, Fatigue Scale-14, Critical Thinking Diagnostic of Frontline Nurses. Latent profile analysis was conducted on nurses’ competence in applying the nursing process, followed by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify influencing factors among different profile categories. 371 nurses were finally included. The item score for nurses’ competence in applying the nursing process was (3.71 ± 0.84). Latent profile analysis identified three distinct patterns: low-level application of the nursing process (12.1%), moderate-level application (53.1%), and high-level application (34.8%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that clinical communication competence, professional title, age, fatigue, and critical thinking disposition were significant influencing factors ( P < 0.05). Nurses demonstrated moderate competence in applying the nursing process, with heterogeneity observed among individuals. Nurse managers should focus particularly on those categorized into the low- and moderate-level groups, tailoring interventions and support according to the characteristics and influencing factors specific to each group to enhance their competence in applying the nursing process.