Rolling optimal dispatch method for virtual power plants integrating secondary and tertiary frequency regulation

The demand side of modern power systems contains abundant flexible resources that, when aggregated via virtual power plants (VPPs), can help alleviate the grid’s frequency regulation (FR) burden. In this paper, we propose a rolling optimal dispatch method for VPPs integrating secondary and tertiary frequency regulation. First, the adjustable capacity of various distributed energy resources (DERs) is quantified by accounting for their operational characteristics and the effects of uncertainty. Secondly, the technical characteristics and market mechanisms of secondary and tertiary frequency regulation are analyzed to formulate objective functions for DERs to jointly participate in these services, as well as the response strategy. Finally, based on the proposed strategy and optimization model, a two-stage day-ahead and intra-day rolling optimal dispatch is implemented, and the NSGA-II algorithm is employed to achieve Pareto frontier solutions. Case study results demonstrate that the proposed response strategy and multi-objective optimization model can fully exploit the regulatory potential of DERs, enabling rolling optimal dispatch for FR and dynamic adjustments to strategy parameters.