Live-Cell Metabolism Real-Time Monitoring Based on Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Sensor: Frontier Technology in Experimental Teaching for Undergraduates

Traditional biochemistry curricula may not always adequately prepare senior undergraduate students for the demands of advanced research, particularly in understanding and applying frontier technologies, such as real-time metabolic monitoring. To address this gap, we developed a laboratory exercise in which students use genetically encoded fluorescent sensors to monitor live cell metabolism in real-time. The exercise guides students through mammalian cell seeding, cell transfection, fluorescence measurement, and analysis of metabolic pathway inhibitors, techniques commonly used in cell biology and biochemistry research. Students directly observe how genetically encoded fluorescent sensors report dynamic metabolic changes, a concept that is rarely encountered in standard lecture-based courses. Postlaboratory assessments showed increased student engagement, improved hands-on skills, and a more integrated understanding of cell metabolism. This exercise equips aspiring graduate students with both theoretical knowledge and practical competence in frontier technology.