Integrating optical and optoelectronic readouts for dual-target detection remains a formidable task using conventional designs. In this study, a novel fluorescence-organic photoelectrochemical transistor (FL-OPECT) dual-mode biosensor was constructed for simultaneous detection of marine red tide algal toxins okadaic acid (OA) and gonyautoxin 1/4 (GTX 1/4) based on a HOF-101@Bi2S3 heterojunction and dual-magnetic bead separation system (DMBSS). The HOF-101@Bi2S3 type-II heterojunction served as the photo-gate electrode, highly enhancing visible light absorption and charge separation. Leveraging aptamer-based capture and competitive displacement, the DMBSS enabled both high-specificity recognition and efficient isolation of the dual targets. After magnetic separation, the supernatant was employed for OA quantification via FL intensity, whereas the precipitate-bound MB2 modulated the photocurrent response for GTX 1/4 detection. Under optimal conditions, the biosensor exhibited linear ranges of 0.1−100.0 nM for both toxins, with detection limits of 14.5 pM and 31.94 pM for OA and GTX 1/4, respectively. Moreover, the platform presented a high selectivity, good stability, and satisfactory performance in real samples. This FL-OPECT strategy offers a new approach for simultaneous phycotoxin detection and shows great potential for marine food safety monitoring.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Wen et al. (2026) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: