Yeast Display Screening of Single-Domain Antibodies Against Snake Venom Toxins

Snakebite envenoming remains a neglected tropical disease, and conventional animal-derived antivenoms are limited by cost, cross-reactivity and adverse reactions. Single-domain antibodies, the variable fragments of camelid heavy-chain antibodies, are small and stable and have attracted interest as recombinant alternatives. This review, which reports no new data, summarises published work on how yeast surface display is used to select such binders against venom toxins. It covers venom composition, antibody format, library construction, flow-cytometric sorting, reported neutralisation studies and developability concerns. The literature shows that yeast display offers quantitative control over selection, although most examples against venom components are preliminary and clinical translation will depend on broad neutralisation across species.