Accessing quality motorcycle helmets in Ghana: a qualitative inquiry

Background While helmet use among motorcyclists in Africa remains low, an equally critical issue is the quality of helmets in use. In many African countries, such as Ghana, poor-quality helmets are widely available in local markets, mainly due to a lack of helmet standards, weak import regulations, and poor enforcement. This study, therefore, explores the determinants and enablers of access to quality motorcycle helmets in Ghana. Methods We conducted a qualitative inquiry between January and April 2024. We purposively sampled participants across three interest groups: motorcyclists, helmet vendors/retailers, and road safety practitioners. We collected data through in-depth, face-to-face interviews using semi-structured interview guides. We analysed the data using inductive thematic analysis. Results We interviewed 41 participants: 16 motorcyclists, 19 helmet vendors/retailers, and 6 road safety practitioners. The analysis highlighted four interconnected system gaps and potential enablers: limited knowledge and awareness of helmet quality, limited availability of quality helmets, economic constraints, and the absence of regulations and enforcement. Enablers include public education and awareness of quality helmets, improved market availability, price controls and incentives for motorcyclists, and stronger regulation and enforcement. Together, these factors limit access to quality helmets, and a systemic regulatory gap in standards and enforcement exacerbates the problem. Conclusion Improving access to quality helmets requires a coordinated approach. The first step is to address the regulatory gap by developing helmet standards. Without this, it is difficult to ensure market availability, raise public awareness, and make helmets more affordable.